{"id":141,"date":"2026-03-17T21:01:16","date_gmt":"2026-03-17T21:01:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/advancedemolink.com\/volar\/?page_id=141"},"modified":"2026-03-17T21:01:16","modified_gmt":"2026-03-17T21:01:16","slug":"airframe","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/advancedemolink.com\/volar\/airframe\/","title":{"rendered":"Airframe"},"content":{"rendered":"[vc_row type=&#8221;full_width_background&#8221; full_screen_row_position=&#8221;middle&#8221; column_margin=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_tablet=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_phone=&#8221;default&#8221; scene_position=&#8221;center&#8221; top_padding=&#8221;80&#8243; constrain_group_1=&#8221;yes&#8221; bottom_padding=&#8221;80&#8243; text_color=&#8221;dark&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; row_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; row_border_radius_applies=&#8221;bg&#8221; overflow=&#8221;visible&#8221; id=&#8221;certification-inner-row&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; shape_divider_position=&#8221;bottom&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; gradient_type=&#8221;default&#8221; shape_type=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column column_padding=&#8221;no-extra-padding&#8221; column_padding_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;all&#8221; column_element_direction_desktop=&#8221;default&#8221; column_element_spacing=&#8221;default&#8221; desktop_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; tablet_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; phone_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; column_backdrop_filter=&#8221;none&#8221; column_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; column_link_target=&#8221;_self&#8221; column_position=&#8221;default&#8221; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/1&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8221;default&#8221; animation_type=&#8221;default&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; border_type=&#8221;simple&#8221; column_border_width=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221;][vc_column_text css_animation=&#8221;fadeInUp&#8221; css=&#8221;&#8221; text_direction=&#8221;default&#8221; el_class=&#8221;w-sec certification-sec&#8221;]\n<h2>Aircraft Electrical Systems<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>DC generation systems.<\/li>\n<li>Alternators, AC generation systems.<\/li>\n<li>Constant speed drive .<\/li>\n<li>Voltage regulators.<\/li>\n<li>Inverter systems.<\/li>\n<li>Aircraft wiring sizes, types.<\/li>\n<li>Aircraft wiring shielding .<\/li>\n<li>Aircraft lightning protection.<\/li>\n<li>Instrument or instrument panel removal.<\/li>\n<li>Electrical system troubleshooting.<\/li>\n<li>Aircraft electrical connectors .<\/li>\n<li>Electrical system measurement .<\/li>\n<li>Aircraft battery troubleshooting .<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Aircraft Fuel Systems<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Fuel system components.<\/li>\n<li>Aircraft fuel tanks.<\/li>\n<li>Fuel flow.<\/li>\n<li>Fuel transfer.<\/li>\n<li>Fuel jettisoning.<\/li>\n<li>Characteristics of fuel types.<\/li>\n<li>Fuel system maintenance.<\/li>\n<li>Fuel quantity indication.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Aircraft Inspection<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Inspection requirements .<\/li>\n<li>Requirements for complying with ADs .<\/li>\n<li>Compliance with service letters.<\/li>\n<li>CFRs applicable to inspection .<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Aircraft Instrument Systems<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Magnetic compass inspection .<\/li>\n<li>Magnetic compass swinging .<\/li>\n<li>Pressure indicating instruments.<\/li>\n<li>Temperature indicating instruments .<\/li>\n<li>Position indication sensors .<\/li>\n<li>Gyroscopic instruments .<\/li>\n<li>Direction indicating instruments .<\/li>\n<li>Instrument vacuum and pneumatic systems.<\/li>\n<li>Pitot-static system.<\/li>\n<li>Fuel quantity indicating systems.<\/li>\n<li>Instrument range markings .<\/li>\n<li>Electrostatic sensitive devices .<\/li>\n<li>Electronic flight instrument .<\/li>\n<li>14 CFR parts 43 and 91 requirements .<\/li>\n<li>Instrument limitations.<\/li>\n<li>Angle of attack and stall warning systems.<\/li>\n<li>Takeoff and landing gear configuration.<\/li>\n<li>Aircraft bonding and protections.<\/li>\n<li>Instrument panel removal .<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Airframe Fire Protection Systems<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Overheat and fire detection systems.<\/li>\n<li>Overheat and fire detection Warning.<\/li>\n<li>Smoke and carbon monoxide detection systems.<\/li>\n<li>Fire extinguishing agents.<\/li>\n<li>Types of fire extinguishing systems.<\/li>\n<li>Fire extinguishing system maintenance .<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Communication and Navigation Systems<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Radio operating principles.<\/li>\n<li>Antenna, static discharge wicks.<\/li>\n<li>Emergency locator transmitter (ELT).<\/li>\n<li>Automatic direction finder (ADF).<\/li>\n<li>Omnidirectional range (VOR) theory, components, and operation.<\/li>\n<li>Instrument landing system (ILS) .<\/li>\n<li>Ground proximity warning system (GPWS) .<\/li>\n<li>Autopilot theory, components, and operation .<\/li>\n<li>Radio altimeter (RA) .<\/li>\n<li>Transponder\/encoder system .<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Environmental Systems<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Bleed air heating.<\/li>\n<li>Exhaust heat exchanger.<\/li>\n<li>Combustion heater .<\/li>\n<li>Vapor-cycle system .<\/li>\n<li>Air-cycle system.<\/li>\n<li>Cabin pressurization and component(s) .<\/li>\n<li>Types of oxygen systems .<\/li>\n<li>Oxygen system maintenance .<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Flight Controls<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Control cables .<\/li>\n<li>Control cable maintenance .<\/li>\n<li>Cable connectors.<\/li>\n<li>Cable guides .<\/li>\n<li>Control stops .<\/li>\n<li>Flutter and flight control balance .<\/li>\n<li>Rigging flight controls.<\/li>\n<li>Aircraft flight controls and stabilizer systems .<\/li>\n<li>Other aerodynamic wing features.<\/li>\n<li>Secondary and auxiliary control surfaces .<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Hydraulic and Pneumatic Systems<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Hydraulic system components .<\/li>\n<li>Hydraulic system operations.<\/li>\n<li>Hydraulic system servicing .<\/li>\n<li>Hydraulic system inspection .<\/li>\n<li>Pneumatic system types.<\/li>\n<li>Servicing, function, of accumulators.<\/li>\n<li>Types of hydraulic\/pneumatic seals .<\/li>\n<li>Hoses, lines, and fittings .<\/li>\n<li>Pressure regulators .<\/li>\n<li>Filter maintenance .<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Ice and Rain Control<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Aircraft icing causes.<\/li>\n<li>Aircraft and powerplant anti-ice systems .<\/li>\n<li>De-ice systems .<\/li>\n<li>Wiper blade, chemical, bleed air .<\/li>\n<li>Anti-icing and de-icing maintenance .<\/li>\n<li>Environmental conditions that degrade vision .<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Landing Gear Systems<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Fixed and retractable landing gear components .<\/li>\n<li>Strut servicing\/lubrication .<\/li>\n<li>Steering systems .<\/li>\n<li>Gear position and warning system .<\/li>\n<li>Brake assembly servicing .<\/li>\n<li>Anti-skid system .<\/li>\n<li>Wheel, brake, and tire .<\/li>\n<li>Tire storage, care .<\/li>\n<li>Gear tire and wheel safety .<\/li>\n<li>Brake actuating systems.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Metallic Structures<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Inspection\/testing of metal structures.<\/li>\n<li>Selection of sheet metal repair materials .<\/li>\n<li>Layout, forming, and drilling of sheet metal components .<\/li>\n<li>Selection of rivets, hardware, and fasteners .<\/li>\n<li>Heat treatment processes for aluminum .<\/li>\n<li>Rivet layout .<\/li>\n<li>Rivet removal and installation methods .<\/li>\n<li>Maintenance safety practices .<\/li>\n<li>Flame welding gases .<\/li>\n<li>Flame welding practices.<\/li>\n<li>Inert-gas welding practices .<\/li>\n<li>Purpose and types of shielding gases .<\/li>\n<li>Types of steel tubing welding repairs .<\/li>\n<li>Procedures for weld repairs.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Non-Metallic Structures<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Wood structures.<\/li>\n<li>Types and general characteristics of wood .<\/li>\n<li>Permissible substitutes and other materials .<\/li>\n<li>Acceptable and unacceptable wood defects .<\/li>\n<li>Wood repair techniques .<\/li>\n<li>Factors to determining proper covering material .<\/li>\n<li>Types of approved aircraft covering material .<\/li>\n<li>Seams commonly used with aircraft covering .<\/li>\n<li>Covering textile terms.<\/li>\n<li>Structure surface preparation.<\/li>\n<li>Covering methods commonly used .<\/li>\n<li>Aircraft covering restoration .<\/li>\n<li>Covering repair and techniques .<\/li>\n<li>Inspection\/testing of composite structures.<\/li>\n<li>Composite structure fiber, core, and matrix .<\/li>\n<li>Composite materials storage .<\/li>\n<li>Composite repair methods .<\/li>\n<li>Thermoplastic material inspection .<\/li>\n<li>Thermoplastic material installation .<\/li>\n<li>Care and maintenance of windows .<\/li>\n<li>Maintenance safety practices\/precautions for composite .<\/li>\n<li>Inspecting restraints and upholstery.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Rotorcraft Fundamentals<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Rotorcraft aerodynamics.<\/li>\n<li>Flight controls.<\/li>\n<li>Transmissions .<\/li>\n<li>Rotor vibrations, track, and balance .<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Water and Waste Systems<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Potable water system .<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[vc_row type=&#8221;full_width_background&#8221; full_screen_row_position=&#8221;middle&#8221; column_margin=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_tablet=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_phone=&#8221;default&#8221; scene_position=&#8221;center&#8221; top_padding=&#8221;80&#8243; constrain_group_1=&#8221;yes&#8221; bottom_padding=&#8221;80&#8243; text_color=&#8221;dark&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; row_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; 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